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It is through scientific research & development into medicine that we expand our body of knowledge for medicines for various ailments. Medical research includes both, the testing and verification of new treatments that have been developed and the development of these new medicines themselves. The former is referred to as clinical trials while the latter is called preclinical research. The increased age span of human beings is a definite result of the great advances that have been made in the field of medicine. Some of the major milestones in the history of medicine have been the discovery of the anti-biotic Penicillin, vaccines for polio and measles, insulin therapy for diabetics, high blood pressure treatment, anti retro-viral drugs for treatment of AIDS, new surgical techniques like microsurgery, and several breakthroughs in the treatment of cancer. You can read more on Science Mag.
Although most of the research in this field is done by biomedical scientists, significant contributions have also been made by chemists, other biologists and physicists. Preclinical research, which precedes clinical trials, deals with basic science and involves research based on theory and experiments on animals and leaflet printing. Very often, new treatments are a result of earlier discoveries that have been made in different fields and are unconnected to each other. The research could have been done for non-medical purposes and then the medical benefit discovered by accident, like in the case of Penicillin. These discoveries are used by clinicians to build treatment schedules that can be tested during clinical trials.
A clinical trial happens to be an assessment of the efficacy of the new potential treatment. The comparison can be with a placebo or with other treatments. Sometimes, the currently existing standard treatment for a condition is used as a point of reference to test the efficacy of the newly created drug. These trials can be of varying magnitude from using a single researcher to several hundred spread all across the globe and coordinating with each other. Similarly, the number of subjects can also vary from a few dozen to several thousands. Before a drug becomes eligible to go into clinical trials, it needs to undergo detailed testing in a laboratory. Once the laboratory results confirm that the drug is safe to be administered to humans, it becomes eligible for phase one testing. In phase one testing, the drug is administered to healthy individuals.
The funding for all these research activities comes from research bodies that distribute the money and wooden curtain poles to various institutes to cover costs of equipments and salaries. In many countries, the government uses a portion of the tax payer’s contribution to provide adequate funding to these institutes. As expected, the field of medical research is highly regulated by the government due to its direct impact on the health of people. If you offer payday loans please get in touch.
